Causes and Effects of Street Hawking among School-Age Children in Nigeria (Project Guide)
By EngrHenryTech Publishing · Sociology and Social Work
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN NIGERIA: A COMPLETE PROJECT GUIDE
Departments: Sociology, Social Work, Guidance and Counselling, Education, Criminology, Public Health
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
This is a detailed research guide and framework, not a finished project for submission. It gives you a ready-to-adapt Chapter One, a map for your literature review, a full survey methodology plan with a worked sample-size calculation, draft questionnaires for parents and children, child-protection guidance, empty results tables, and guidance for writing your conclusions. You collect your own data and write Chapters Four and Five from your own findings.
SECTION 1: TOPIC AND ALTERNATIVE TITLES
Main topic:
Causes and Effects of Street Hawking among School-Age Children in [City or LGA]
Alternative titles:
1. Street Hawking and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in [LGA].
2. Child Labour in Markets and Motor Parks in [City]: Causes and Consequences.
3. Parents' Attitudes towards Child Street Hawking in [Community].
4. Health and Safety Risks Faced by Child Street Hawkers in [City].
5. Enforcement of Child Labour Laws in [State]: Challenges and Prospects.
6. Almajiri Children and Street Begging in [State].
SECTION 2: MODEL CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study (model text, rewrite in your own words)
Street hawking is the selling of goods by moving from place to place along streets, at traffic junctions, in markets and in motor parks. In many Nigerian cities and towns, children, some of them of primary and secondary school age, hawk goods such as water, snacks, fruits and household items, often for their parents or guardians. Some hawk before or after school; others do not attend school at all.
When children's work interferes with their education, harms their health or development, or exposes them to danger, it is regarded as child labour. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), both ratified by Nigeria, set international standards. In Nigeria, the Child's Rights Act 2003 protects children's rights, including the right to education and protection from exploitative labour, and it has been domesticated by most states (check the current number and the status in your state). Global estimates by the ILO and UNICEF show that sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number and proportion of children in child labour.
Reasons for child street hawking include household poverty, large family sizes, parents' low education, the death or illness of a parent, cultural expectations that children contribute to family income, and the cost of schooling. Its effects can include lateness and absence from school, poor academic performance, fatigue, road traffic accidents, exposure to bad weather, sexual harassment and abuse, kidnapping and involvement in crime. This study therefore examines the causes and effects of street hawking among school-age children in [city or LGA].
1.2 Statement of the Problem (model)
Many children are seen hawking in [city or LGA] during school hours and late into the evening [support this with evidence, such as observations, school records or NGO reports]. Teachers report lateness, absenteeism and poor performance among some students who hawk, and there are reports of children being injured or abused while hawking. It is not clear what the main causes are in this area, or how strongly hawking is associated with children's schooling and safety. This study addresses that problem.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective is to examine the causes and effects of street hawking among school-age children in [area]. The specific objectives are to:
1. identify the socio-economic characteristics of families of child hawkers;
2. identify the causes of child street hawking;
3. examine the effect of street hawking on school attendance and academic performance;
4. identify the risks faced by child hawkers;
5. examine parents' attitudes towards child street hawking.
WHAT THE FULL GUIDE CONTAINS
The complete guide continues with:
- research questions and null hypotheses matched to each objective;
- significance, scope, limitations and definitions of terms;
- a Chapter Two map: concepts to define, the theoretical framework, how to build the empirical review, and a model statement of the research gap;
- a full Chapter Three plan: design, population, a worked sample-size calculation, sampling technique, validity, reliability and the statistical test for each hypothesis;
- a ready-to-adapt draft questionnaire (or data collection instrument);
- Chapter Four table templates with guidance on interpreting and discussing results;
- a Chapter Five guide to the summary, conclusion and recommendations;
- a list of real starting references, plus a checklist of common supervisor corrections.
Please note: this is a research guide and framework to help you plan and write your own project. It does not contain invented data or results. You collect your own data and write Chapters Four and Five from your own findings.